Review Maps the State of Closed-Loop EEG Neurofeedback for Depression, Anxiety, and Related Conditions
Summary
A review in Frontiers in Neuroscience surveys recent closed-loop EEG-based neurofeedback and brain-computer interface systems designed for mental health applications, covering system designs, feedback strategies, and clinical evidence across conditions including depression and anxiety. The review also highlights emerging work combining EEG with fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy) to improve classification accuracy over EEG alone, while noting that EEG-fNIRS integration specifically for mental-health neurofeedback remains an early-stage research direction rather than a mature approach.
Why it matters
As device-based mental health interventions gain clinical traction, a structured map of what closed-loop EEG neurofeedback approaches actually exist and how well-evidenced each is helps separate genuinely clinical-grade systems from earlier-stage research directions.
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