Review Maps Closed-Loop BCI Strategies for Restoring Sensorimotor Function After Stroke
Summary
A translational review by first author Rui Tao and senior author Yang-Pu Zhang synthesizes the neurobiological basis of post-stroke sensorimotor loop disruption, alongside implementation strategies and emerging biomarkers for closed-loop BCIs that pair detected motor intention with contingent feedback -- functional electrical stimulation, robotics, virtual reality, or neuromodulation -- to help restore disrupted sensorimotor circuits. The review notes that clinical efficacy evidence remains insufficiently integrated with mechanistic findings, and that unified frameworks for patient stratification and home-based deployment are still lacking.
Why it matters
A synthesis of a fragmented, fast-moving literature on closed-loop rehabilitation BCIs, highlighting that mechanistic and clinical evidence bases have not yet converged into a clear implementation framework -- useful context for where the field still needs to mature.
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